GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

The word pyramid is derived from the Greek words PYRAMIS (means 'obscure') and PYRAMIDOS(means 'Fire in the Middle').The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world and the only one still remaining to this day. It is believed that this pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian King Khufu (Cheops in Greek),so it is also known as the Great Pyramid of Khufu or the Great Pyramid of Cheops.It was built around 2560 BC, taking about 20 years to complete.

The Great Pyramid of Giza stands on the northern edge of the Giza plateau, located about 10 miles west to Cairo.It is composed of over two and half million blocks of limestone,which weigh from 2 to 70 tons each.The estimated total weight of the structure is 6.5 million tons.Its base covers over 13 acres and its volume is around 90,000,000 cubic feet.It is 454 feet high which is equivalent to a modern 48 storey building.It was the tallest man made structure in the world for over 3,800 years.There are currently 203 steps to its summit.Each of the four triangular sides slope upward from the base at an angle of 51 degrees 51 minutes and each side has an area of 5 and 1/2 acres.

casing stone

Actually the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth surface, but majority of it was removed about 600 years ago to build cities and mosques and what is seen today is the underlying core structure.The cement that was used is extremely fine and strong.There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid.The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished.The Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure.Many of the casing stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid were fit together with extremely high precision.

The entrance of the Great Pyramid

The original entrance to the Great Pyramid is 17m vertically above ground level and 7.29m east of the center line of the pyramid.From this entrance, there is a Descending passage 0.96m high and 1.04m wide which goes down at an angle of 26 degree 31'23" through the masonry of the pyramid and then into the bedrock beneath it.After 105.23m, the passage becomes level and continues for an additional 8.84m to the lower chamber, which appears not to have been finished.At 28.2m from the entrance is a square hole in the roof of the Descending passage.Originally concealed with a slab of stone, this is the beginning of the Ascending Passage.This Passage is 39.3m long, as wide and high as the Descending passage and slopes up at almost precisely the same angle.Its lower end is closed by three huge blocks of granite, each about 1.5m long.At the start of the Grand Gallery on the right-hand side there is a hole cut in the wall. This is the start of a vertical shaft which follows an irregular path through the masonry of the pyramid to join the Descending Passage.Also at the start of the Grand Gallery there is a horizontal passage leading to the Queen's Chamber.The Great Pyramid is the only one to have a magnificent grand gallery in its ascending system, which makes its so unique.The purpose of this gallery still remains a mystery.

The Grand Gallery

Shafts and Passages of the Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid demonstrates the remarkable character of its placement on the face of the Earth.The Pyramid lies in the center of gravity of the continents.It also lies in the exact center of all the land area of the world, the earth's land mass into approximately equal quarters.One very unusual feature of the Great Pyramid is a concavity of the core that makes the monument an eight-sided figure, rather than four-sided like every other Egyptian pyramid..Though it is apparently more easily observed from the air, the concavity is measurable and is visible from the ground under favorable lighting conditions.The purpose for the concavity of the Great pyramids remains a mystery and no satisfactory explanation for this feature has been offered, even though some scientists proposed that that the slightly concave walls were intended to increase the stability of the Pyramid's mantle.

Diagram of the concavity

The dimensions of the Great Pyramid of Giza reveal incredible mathematical insights!The Great Pyramid solves one of humanity's most difficult mathematical challenges-the squaring of the circle.When the radius of a circle equals the height of the pyramid, then the circumference of that circle equals the perimeter of the pyramid's base.Indeed, twice the height of the Great Pyramid, divided into the distance around its base, equals nearly perfect pi.Mankind has only recently been able to calculate pi to this level of mathematical accuracy.The Great Pyramid also contains the golden ratio.

The length of each side of the Great Pyramid's base is 365.2422 Royal Egyptian cubits (pyramid cubits).Amazingly, our astronomical year has a mean length of 365.2422454 solar days.Also, the perimeter of the base of the Great Pyramid is 36524.22 "pyramid inches", the length of 100 years expressed in days.Calculations of such accuracy weren't known in mainstream mathematics until the 20th century. 

It appears that the Great Pyramid was never finished since the top is flat and not pointed, as it should be.Most pyramids were crowned with a top-stone that completed their structure.This pyramid does not currently have one and it appears that it never did.Also it appears that between the different courses of stones there is a thin cement which is absent on the upper surface of the highest course.Why the pyramid was never finished remains a mystery.